Exclusive: ECB’s Kazāks: Negative Shock Would Make Cut Likelier Than Equal Positive Shock Would Make Hike
By David Barwick – FRANKFURT (Econostream) – The likelihood that the European Central Bank would cut if confronted with a negative inflation shock is greater than the probability of it hiking in response to a positive shock of equal magnitude, according to ECB Governing Council member Mārtiņš Kazāks.
2 December 2025


















